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Symptoms and Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes

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Basically, the symptoms of type 2 diabetes have a number of similarities with type 1 diabetes. However, the appearance of symptoms of type 2 diabetes tends to last longer. In fact, in some cases, type 2 diabetes does not cause symptoms until complications occur.

The following are some of the symptoms that type 2 diabetes sufferers can experience:

  • Easy thirst
  • Frequent urination, especially at night
  • Often feel hungry
  • Weight loss
  • Body feels tired
  • Blurred vision
  • Difficult to heal when you have a wound
  • Frequent infections
  • Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
  • dry mouth
  • Red, swollen and painful gums
  • Some parts of the skin are black, generally the armpits and neck

When to go to the doctor
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes are often difficult to detect. Therefore, it is advisable to check blood sugar levels regularly, especially if you have risk factors for this disease. Through early examination and treatment, the risk of complications can be prevented.

Check with your doctor if you experience symptoms of type 2 diabetes, especially if they are accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • Breath smells like fruit
  • Severe nausea and vomiting
  • Severe stomach pain
  • daze
  • Loss of consciousness

Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
To diagnose type 2 diabetes, the doctor will perform a series of blood sugar tests, including:

  • Hba1c The HbA1c test aims to check blood sugar levels in the last 2-3 months. The normal level of the HbA1c test is not more than 5.7%.
  • Fasting blood sugar test This test aims to check blood sugar levels while fasting. Before undergoing this test, the patient will be asked to fast for 8 hours first.
  • Blood sugar tolerance test After the patient undergoes a fasting blood sugar test, the patient will be asked to drink a special sugar drink and return to periodically check blood sugar in 2 hours.
  • Blood sugar test when This test aims to check the level of sugar in the blood at an unspecified time.

To confirm the results, the doctor will perform at least two types of blood tests. If needed, the doctor will use other tests to determine the type of diabetes you have, such as an antibody test.

Complications of Type 2 Diabetes
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes are difficult to detect, even until complications occur. Some of the complications that type 2 diabetes patients can experience include:

  • Heart and blood vessel diseases, such as heart attack and stroke
  • Nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy) which can be characterized by numbness to pain in the legs or disturbances in sexual function
  • Chronic and severe kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy) that can lead to kidney failure
  • Eye damage (diabetic retinopathy) which can cause vision problems
  • Disorders of the skin, for example due to bacterial infections, viral infections, or wounds that are difficult to heal
  • Hearing disorders
  • Sleep apnea
  • Alzheimer's disease

In addition to the above conditions, type 2 diabetes can also cause complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, which can lead to coma and death.

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